Ram Ved ¹, I. M. Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173 230, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Twenty three fungi of 15 genera, 2 bacteria and one actinomycete were isolated from pink (Corticium salmonicolor), smoky blight (Sphaeropsis malorum) and stem brown (Dothiorella mali) canker of apple stems and twigs. Among these, Trichoderma viride, Trichothecium roseum, Alternaria spp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp., Diplodia sp. and actinomycete, were frequently encountered. In vitro evaluation of various microorganisms for their antagonistic activity revealed Trichoderma viride-2 was most effective in inhibiting the growth of pink (87.6%), smoky blight (88.4%) and stem brown (84.0%) canker followed by T. longibrachiatum-1, T. harzianum-1 and T. hamatum respectively. Amongst non-Trichoderma species Fusarium lateritium was the most effective. Bacillus subtilis provided maximum growth inhibition of the three cankers in vitro. T. viride isolate-2 was effective in preventing the formation of new canker lesions under laboratory conditions. Similar results in healing canker lesions were also obtained under field conditions by applying the antagonists as spore suspension as well as slurry preparations.

Keywords

Antagonists, Apple, Bacteria, Biocontrol Agents, Canker, Microflora, Trichoderma.

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I. M. Sharma ¹, S. S. Bhardwaj ¹

Affiliations
1 Regional Horticultural Research Station Dr Y. S. P. University of Horticulture and Forestry Bajaura, Kullu 175 125, H.P., IN

Abstract

Nine different plant extracts and three yeast antagonists were compared for their efficacy as post-harvest dip against the development of scab (Venturia inaequalis) lesions and rots on apple fruits during storage for 60 days at ambient conditions. Studies revealed that water extract of Emblica officinalis leaves (15 %) was highly effective against storage scab and provided complete control up to 60 days of storage. Water extracts of Artemisia vulgaris, Melia dubia leaves and Emblica officinalis seeds @15 per cent, though were not much effective against storage scab. but were found effective to check fruit rotting with decay reduction index (DRI) ofSS.7, 80.9 and 70.8 per cent, respectively after 60 days of storage. A yeast antagonist, Rhodosporidum toruloides (1.0x10⁵ cell/ml) was also effective in checking the storage fruit rots and gave DRI of 74.1 per cent.

Keywords

Apple, Fruit Rots, Management, Plant Extract, Storage Scab, Yeast Antagonists.

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